RESUMO
Background: Anatomical variations in arteries of the upper limb, such as presence of an accessory brachial artery, are common and widely described in the literature, mainly in cadaveric studies, but it is now possible to diagnose them using vascular Doppler ultrasound. Objectives: To identify the incidence of accessory brachial artery using vascular Doppler ultrasound and compare the findings with cadaveric studies. Methods: This was a prospective study that examined 500 upper limbs of 250 volunteers assessed with vascular Doppler ultrasound using the Sonosite Titan portable ultrasound machine. Results: 15.6% of the participants in our study had the accessory brachial artery anatomical variation. Our percentage is in line with the average rates found in cadaveric studies, which ranged from 0.2% to 22%. Being aware of this variation is fundamental in procedures such as peripheral venipuncture, arteriovenous fistula creation, catheterization, forearm flaps, emergency surgeries on the limb and even correction of fractures by cast. Conclusions: The accessory brachial artery is a frequent variant in the upper limb. The percentage of individuals with an accessory brachial artery in our study was 15.6%, which agrees with data from the literature on cadaveric studies.
RESUMO
The largest branch of the terminal division of the brachial artery is the ulnar artery, which arises after the cubital fossa. This artery usually has a deep path in the muscles of the anterior forearm and is responsible for vascularization of the superficial and deep musculature on the ulnar side of the forearm and hypothenar area of the hand. We report an anatomical variant diagnosed by Doppler ultrasound in which the ulnar artery had a superficial position in the forearm. Occurrence of a superficial ulnar artery is rare, but it is an important fact for clinicians, surgeons, and nursing professionals.
RESUMO
Resumo O maior ramo da divisão terminal da artéria braquial é a artéria ulnar, que se origina após a fossa cubital. Essa artéria usualmente tem trajeto profundo aos músculos do antebraço anterior e é responsável pela vascularização da musculatura superficial e profunda da região ulnar do antebraço e hipotênar da mão, sendo a principal responsável pela formação do arco palmar superficial após o retináculo dos flexores. Reportamos uma variação anatômica após diagnóstico com ultrassom vascular na qual a artéria ulnar situava-se em posição superficial no antebraço. A ocorrência da artéria ulnar superficial é rara, porém de grande importância para clínicos, cirurgiões e profissionais de enfermagem.
Abstract The largest branch of the terminal division of the brachial artery is the ulnar artery, which arises after the cubital fossa. This artery usually has a deep path in the muscles of the anterior forearm and is responsible for vascularization of the superficial and deep musculature on the ulnar side of the forearm and hypothenar area of the hand. We report an anatomical variant diagnosed by Doppler ultrasound in which the ulnar artery had a superficial position in the forearm. Occurrence of a superficial ulnar artery is rare, but it is an important fact for clinicians, surgeons, and nursing professionals.
RESUMO
The ulnar artery is the larger terminal branch of the brachial artery. It originates in the cubital fossa and is covered by the flexor muscles of the forearm. We report an anatomic variant in which the ulnar artery was in a superficial position in the forearm. Since this variant was unknown, an attempted venous puncture injured the artery, causing formation of a pseudoaneurysm.
RESUMO
Resumo A artéria ulnar é o maior ramo terminal da artéria braquial, ela apresenta origem na fossa cubital e é coberta pelos músculos flexores do antebraço. Reportamos uma variação anatômica, na qual a artéria ulnar situava-se em posição superficial no antebraço. Por falta de conhecimento sobre essa variação, ocorreu a lesão após uma tentativa de punção venosa, a qual levou à formação de um pseudoaneurisma.
Abstract The ulnar artery is the larger terminal branch of the brachial artery. It originates in the cubital fossa and is covered by the flexor muscles of the forearm. We report an anatomic variant in which the ulnar artery was in a superficial position in the forearm. Since this variant was unknown, an attempted venous puncture injured the artery, causing formation of a pseudoaneurysm.
RESUMO
Vascular Doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive method that can help in diagnostic and therapeutic planning in case of pedal arterial obstructive disease. The dorsalis pedis artery is the direct continuation of the anterior tibial artery and follows a straight course along the dorsum of the foot, leading medially to the first intermetatarsal space, where it gives off its terminal branches. The posterior tibial artery forks distal to the medial malleolus and gives rise to the lateral plantar and medial plantar arteries. The medial plantar artery has a smaller caliber and runs medially in the sole of the foot, while the lateral plantar artery is of larger caliber, following a lateral course in the plantar region and forming the deep plantar arch, which anastomoses with the dorsalis pedis artery via the deep plantar artery. The arteries of the foot can be assessed noninvasively with Doppler, providing an adequate level of anatomical detail.
RESUMO
Apesar do gama-probe ser a técnica que possui os melhores resultados na identificação do linfonodo sentinela (LS), a sua maior difusão nos países em desenvolvimento ainda é limitada em razão de seu custo elevado. Assim, o propósito deste estudo, realizado entre outubro de 1999 e agosto de 2004, foi determinar a eficácia da associação da linfocintigrafia pré-operatória na gama-câmara com o azul patente para biópsia do LS, sem o uso do gama-probe. Caso o linfonodo não estivesse corado com o azul patente, então era realizada amostragem do lifonodo com a projeção marcada na pele pela gama-câmara. Foram incluídas 146 pacientes com carcinomas invasivos T1-2 N0M0. As primeiras 50 pacientes foram submetidas ao esvaziamento axilar, para verificar o índice de falso-negativo da técnica, que resultou em 5,9%. A média de idade foi de 58,1 anos e a média do tamanho tumoral foi de 20,7 mm. O LS foi identificado em 98,6% das pacientes. Em 6 (4,1%), o LS foi identificado apenas pela gama-câmara e, em 2 pacientes, apenas o azul patente identificou o LS. Esses resultados demonstraram que essa técnica é uma alternativa viável para biópsia do LS no nosso meio.
Gamma-probe is the most reliable technique for sentinel node (SN) biopsy, but is remains cost-limiting for its widespread use in development countries. Then, the purpose of this study, performed from October 1999 to August 2004, was to determine the efficacy of the association of preoperative gamma camera lymphoscintigraphy and blue dye for SN biopsy, without the use of the gamma- probe. If the blue node were not find at surgery, then axillary sampling should be done in SN projection designated by gamma-camera.146 T1-2, N0, M0, invasive breast cancer patients were enrolled in this trial. The first 50 patients were submitted to axillary dissection, in order to find the false-negative rate. It was 5.9%. The mean age was 58.1 years and the mean tumor size was 20.7 mm. SN was identified in 98.6% of patients. In 6 (4.1%)patients. SN was identification was supported only by the gamma-camera, and the blue dye identified the SN IN 2 (1,4%) gamma-camera failure. These data support it as a reliable and low cost technique for SN biopsy.
